Modern era of Science and Technology - 1757 Words

In the modern era of science and technology, the religious mysticism of the past is often seen as archaic and foolish. We live in a time where people want hard evidence. If we can’t taste, touch, smell, see, or hear it then â€Å"it† probably doesn’t exist. People are hungry for understanding, hence all the billions of conversations that are being carried on across the globe right now. The drive behind communication is understanding, and understanding is not always universal from person to person. In light of the research around explanations of Near Death Experiences, it is clear that there is no consensus on what these experiences mean, yet the conversation is one that is relevant to every person. The desire behind discussing this topic†¦show more content†¦The possibility that the hallucinogenic transmitters (and endorphins) of the brain themselves play a role in the NDE has been postulated (Bhattacharya, P. 2013).† Further studies on this drug could inform exactly what is happening in the brain during a NDE, but the mystery will still remain in regards to the actual potential to access a spiritual realm in either case. Much speculation revolves around NDEs, but not to those who have experienced them first hand. All reports, even of negative experiences, resulted in the person losing their fear of death (Corcoran, D. 1988). For my research on this topic I met with a man who had both a positive and a negative NDE, and his reports verify this concept of attaining peace with death through the experience. The man I spoke with was Paul Greenfield of Boise, ID. His first NDE would be defined as a negative experience. The sum of his experience was being pulled through a tunnel where televisions screens were playing, ceaselessly, all the shameful things he had done or said in his life. This created a feeling of isolation and overwhelming despair. Greenfield describes this experience as hell. Reports of negative exper iences do not fit our clichà © concept of Hell with fire and brimstone, but rather they describe feelings of darkness andShow MoreRelatedThe Anxieties Of Modernity In Frankenstein And Dracula981 Words   |  4 Pagescondition of being modern† , specifically between new world science and technology versus old world spirituality and faith. This manifests predominantly as the old traditional values of Europe contrasting with the rapid and modern changes within England which provides a point of contention between the two worlds. 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The Financial Meltdown of 2008 Example

Essays on The Financial Meltdown of 2008 Research Paper The financial meltdown of 2008 is the worst debacle we have experienced since the Great Depression. Trillions of dollars in market value disappeared like wisps of smoke; millions of people lost their employment and we are yet to recover. In fact some economies like Spain and Portugal are in the red while others such as Greece have ‘essentially’ collapsed. The truth though is that we saw the symptoms of this financial crisis decades ago. According to Friedman and Friedman (2009) the corporate world had been heading down a dangerous path for more than 20 years. Some of the early warning signs that we ignored were: the Savings and Loan disaster in which 1,043 banks failed at a cost of about $124 billion to U.S. taxpayers between 1985 and 1995 (Friedman Friedman, 2009), the dot.com bubble of between 1995 and 2001, the Long Term Capital Management hedge fund fiasco of 1998 and the Enron, WorldCom etc debacles of between 2001 and 2002. Worse still our responses to these failures have been piecemeal legislations such as the Sarbanes-Oxley, financial bailouts and blind faith. In fact the true cause of the 2008 financial crisis was not a failure of our economic systems but rather a coupling of sloppy regulation together with a meltdown of ethics. In 2001, Enron confessed to have reported erroneous financial statements from 1997 to 2001 to reflect large profits when in fact it had lost a total of $586 million (SarbanesOxleyFocus.com, 2008). The fact that Arthur Andersen LLP, one of the world’s largest accounting firms then, overlooked this was a simple case of values decay and corporate greed. Arthur Andersen was willing to overlook the questionable accounting to retain the large amounts of money it obtained for providing Enron with consulting services. The lack of external controls to detect this was even more baffling. This was soon enough followed by the WorldCom debacle in 2002, which now prompted the US to come up with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. These were two of the more famous cases of financial statements fraud. According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (2008) financial statement fraud occurs when an organisation intentionally publishes false information in any portion of its financial statement with the intention of enhancing the economic appearance of the company. The management often perpetrate this while the company stockholders, investors and employees are usually kept completely in the dark when such a fraud is taking place. This is one of the major reasons that Khurana and Nohria (2008) say that managers have and continue to lose their legitimacy. They argue for the need of a Hippocratic Oath for managers. Khurana and Nohria (2008) further propose that like other true professions, manager’s require codes of conduct that have meanings and consequences enforced by an oversight governing body made of respected members of the profession. However, we do not believe that this would be sufficient to help us tackle the financial challenges facing the world today or in the future. When we look at the list Fox (2010) has cited as the twenty five people culpable for the 2008 financial crisis, we would easily have had them as members of Khurana and Nohria’s proposed management code of conducts governing body. When Adam Smith wrote his classic, the Wealth of Nations that self interest + free markets + deregulation would result in prosperity for everyone (Smith, 2009) he believed that economic growth depended on morality. From his other work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments Smith stated that man ought to regard himself as a citizen of the world to which he should sacrifice his own little interest. As a society we seem to have totally disregarded this. Labaton and Lipton (2008) point a finger at Phil Gramm as the chief architect of the financial crisis of 2008. He was the architect, advocate and the most knowledgeable person in Congress on financial matters considering that he was an Economics academic prior to him becoming a senator. Gramm led the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act through Congress. This Act had protected commercial banks from Wall Street by separating them from the risky investment practices at Wall Street. Gramm went further to make sure that a key provision was inserted into the Commodity Futures Modernization Act (2000) that essentially ensured that there was virtually no regulation of the complex financial instruments (Fox, 2010; Labaton and Lipton, 2008) whose collapse would lead to the financial crisis. This ill-advised lessening of regulations, in the name of free-markets, was aggravated by the actions of the US Federal Reserve and the US Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). Alan Greenspan (ex-chairman Federal Reserve) presumed that financial firms could regulate themselves while Chris Cox (ex-SEC chief) was lax to enforce the commission’s power on big banks. According to Friedman and Friedman (2009) â€Å"The S.E.C. agreed to loosen the capital rules and also decided to allow the investment banks to monitor their own riskiness by using computer models to analyze the riskiness of various securities (p.8)†. We could go on and on to name other ‘significant’ individuals who did not act there part for example President Clinton for signing the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and the Community Reinvestment Act that loosened the housing rules or President G. W. Bush for frustrating Donaldson’s, ex-SEC head’s, drive to boost regulation of mutual and hedge funds. However, the truth is that the American consumer is as much to blame as the lack of regulation. Fox (2010) says that Americans have been living off and believing in the wealth effect. This translated to a people who believe in living beyond their means through accumulation of debt. Unfortunately, being the world’s biggest economy, other countries quickly adopted similar lifestyles and desires for wealth. David Oddsson, the former Iceland prime minister is a glaring example of one who decided to lead his country through a similar experiment in free-market economics and only succeeded in making the country a case of microeconomic meltdown (Fox, 2010). The 419 Nigerian internet scams and the international lottery scams are all proof of our insatiable desire for quick and easy money. The financial meltdown of 2008 shows quite clearly what happens when everyone is solely concerned with self-interest (Friedman and Friedman, 2009). Our individual greed contributes to two of three reasons why fraud occurs according to Dr. Donald R. Cressey (Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, 2008), that is: financial and social pressure, and rationalization of fraud activities. The third factor that we have looked at length in this paper is that people commit fraud when there are opportunities of them doing it undetected. This is where control by regulatory bodies becomes important. Another way of handling the financial crisis of 2008 is viewing it as what Taleb (2007) refers to as a Black Swan. Taleb (2007) states that one of our greater weaknesses as humans is that we are obsessed with the normal to the extent that we are unable to appreciate our inability to control extreme occurrences. We could therefore view the financial crisis as a large deviation from the norm and then from that viewpoint we could then focus on devising preventive measures. Taleb (2007) encourages us to begin focusing on the extremes, like the Black Swan, because they have extraordinary cumulative effect. After the financial crisis we have witnessed legislation and other activities being made for the financial industry to prevent another meltdown. According to Taleb (2007) this is not the proper way to go because the next big crisis could be something completely different. He proposes that the lessons we learn from this financial crisis should teach us to develop preventive measures for the unusual / the outliers. References Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. (2008): Nation on Occupational Fraud and Abuse. Retrieved April 24, 2010, from Financial Statement Fraud/Fraud Resources for Fraud 101, http://www.acfe.com/resources/fraud-101-accounting.asp Davies, Roy. (2010, April). Classic Financial and Corporate Scandals. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from http://projects.exeter.ac.uk/RDavies/arian/scandals/classic2.html Fox, Justin. (2010, February): 25 People to Blame for the Financial Crisis, Time Magazine. Retrieved May 3, 2010, from http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1877351_1877350_1877330,00.html#ixzz0omjFVUKm Friedman, H. H. Friedman, L. W. (2009). The Global financial crisis of 2008: what went wrong? Retrieved on 29th May 2010 from, http://ssrn.com/abstract=1356193 Khurana, R Nohria, N. (2008). It’s time to make management a true profession. Harvard Business Review. October: 70 – 77. Labaton, S Lipton, E. (2008, Nov. 16). A Deregulator Looks Back, Unswayed. The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2010, from http://www.nytimes.com SarbanesOxleyFocus.com (2008): Corporate Accounting Scandals in 21st Century, Retrieved April 16, 2010, from, http://www.sarbanesoxleyfocus.com/corporate-accounting-scandals-in-21st-century/ Smith, A. (2009). An Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Digireads.com. Taleb, N.N. (2007). The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. New York: Random House Publishing Group. Whitehouse.gov (2008):"Declaration of G20". Retrieved May 5, 2010, from http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/11/200811151.html.

Twelfth Night Interpretations Through the Directors Staging Free Essays

Twelfth Night: Interpretations through the Directors Staging Antonio: I could not stay behind you: my desire, More sharp than filed steel, did spur me forth; And not all love to see you, though so much As might have drawn one to a longer voyage, But jealousy what might befall your travel, Being skilless in these parts; which to a stranger, Unguided and unfriended, often prove Rough and unhospitable: my willing love, The rather by these arguments of fear, Set forth in your pursuit. (Twelfth Night, 3. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Twelfth Night: Interpretations Through the Directors Staging or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6-16) For hundreds of years people from all over the world have seen the works of William Shakespeare performed by thousands of actors. Twelfth Night or What you Will is but one of the many comedies written by William Shakespeare that have been produced in many formats, from theater, television and even several feature films. So many different productions of the same works have opened the door to directors adding their own twist to the original script to make it their own. One play can be performed countless different ways, from very conservative or to unconventional depending on the director’s interpretation and intentions. So all writings are open for creative interpretation thus being for this paper I am going to focus on the directorial staging of this play and how the staging and direction brought the focus of the subplot of Antonio and Sebastian into a homoerotic relationship opposed to other renditions of Twelfth Night that were homosocial. Directors have creatively reconstructed these plays pulling from the era, the popular ideology of the community and political correctness at the times the different styles and interpretations so that Shakespeare can be adapted to the current times. My most recent exposure to the Shakespeare is Twelfth Night as it was performed in Ashland, Oregon, during the 2010 Shakespeare Festival, directed by Darko Tresnjak. The design and style of the set design and costumed was reminiscent of the movie Mozart in the play bill the director did mention that this movie did give him some inspiration for these choices. The white costumes of the Dukes court. The season was summery with no hint of the holidays, no Christmas ornamentation. The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio with the direction from the director acted out the relationship between them as overly homosexual, as if they were lovers. Antonio was far more feminine and flamboyant (similar to the role played by Johnny Depp in the movie Pirates of the Carrabin) and Sebastian was more masculine. I think the director used this opportunity to emphasize this aspect of our modern American homosexual subculture. I think the director wanted to reflect upon homosexuality in America currently instead of the over emphasized the traditional comedic element of cross dressing and mischievous misrepresentation of the sexes that has been a popular and humorous way to perform Shakespeare’s plays. True this play has homoerotic elements in it that hundreds of years ago were considered humor, cross dressing, falling in love with a â€Å"perception† of what is not what you perceive. This was recreated in several comedies during this time. At the time this was written for popular entertainment to be funny and absurd. A romantic comedy where someone falls in love with an illusion and is made to look foolish is an underlying theme in many comedies of the time. The director in the Ashland example defiantly imposes the ideology of modern homosexuality into this version of Twelfth Night. This becomes evident in Act 2, Scene 1 (2. 1. 1-52); â€Å"†¦ ANTONIO: If you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant. SEBASTIAN: If you will not undo what you have done, that is, kill him whom you have recovered, desire it not. Fare ye well at once: my bosom is full of kindness, and I am yet so near the manners of my mother, that upon the least occasion more mine eyes will tell tales of me. I am bound to the Count Orsino’s court: farewell. Exit†¦. † Because the director in the Ashland production had the actor playing Antonio over emphasize his lines in this part of the scene and seam to beg Sebastian as a lover. I would like to introduce two other performances of Twelfth Night that I have selected for this paper, on top of the live performance in Ashland, two other performances of Twelfth Night to exhibit the different ways directors can creatively interpret Shakespeare through the staging and direction to intertwine modern ideas and ideology through their direction, making it relevant for today. I am using a BBC television performance and an American film and I have decided to focus on the characters of Sebastian and Antonio in all three performances to compare the director’s style and depiction of this relationship, of these two, and to see the effect on the whole production. Second I want to introduce an example from the American produced feature film of Twelfth Night or What you Will (Nunn) from Fine Line Features Presents a Renaissance Film, directed by Trevor Nunn run time 134min. The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio, under the directors guidance, created a relationship between these two men that suggested a fatherly bond as if Antonio, who saved Sebastian from the ocean, became a surrogate father to this young man Sebastian, who has lost his sister and father. Of all the versions this particular depiction made the most sense and really brought the words to life between these two. Antonio in Act 5, reaction became so believable first the betrayal and confusion with Cesario (Viola) response of not knowing him and then later when Sebastian enters onto the stage, Antonio’s comments on both of them. Act 5 (5. 257-277) â€Å"†¦ANTONIO: Sebastian are you? SEBASTIAN: Fear’st thou that, Antonio? ANTONIO: How have you made division of yourself? An apple, cleft in two, is not more twin than these two creatures. Which is Sebastian?†¦ † I found the performance of the actor who played Antonio as a genuine caring father type to be accurate and in this moment the film captures the disbelief of a man who is seeing a mirror image of his own child. This is what made the words of Shakespeare come alive and gave a hint of truth to this unbelievable tale. This is why I believe that this particular twist is more believable and follows more closely to what the original production would have suggested. The third performance I am introducing is the British production by a Renaissance Theatre Production of Twelfth Night or What you Will AE, Thames Television in association with the BBC television production directed by Kenneth Branagh run time 165min. the setting of this production was late 1800’s in depth of winter with snow and wind and barren trees, almost on the brink of spring. The director kept in pace with the title of the play by having a Christmas tree, and other holiday novelties. The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio in this production, were staged and directed in the relationship between them as â€Å"sportsmen†, as if they had become best sportsman like friends â€Å"Good Chaps† in the intonations the director has obviously instructed the actors to play down the dialogue that leave a hint of homosocial relationship. This is evident in the way that the end of ACT 2 (2. 1. -52); â€Å"SEBASTIAN: If you will not undo what you have done, that is, kill him whom you have recovered, desire it not. Fare ye well at once: my bosom is full of kindness, and I am yet so near the manners of my mother, that upon the least occasion more mine eyes will tell tales of me. I am bound to the Count Orsino’s court: farewell. Exit (this was spoken up beat and as if he was going to a sporting event. ) ANTONIO: The gentleness of all the gods goes with thee! I have many enemies in Orsino’s court; else would I very shortly see thee there. This was spoken with a challenge and boisterous. ) But, come what may, I do adore thee so, (this phrase was almost whispered as if it was a second thought. ) That danger shall seem sport, and I will go. Exit† (the last statement before his exit was stated as if he was embarking on an adventure. ) the way that this was performed by the actor who played Antonio played up the masculine and down played the tenderness. This being a British production the topic of homosexuality has been downplayed and not openly addressed, because it is improper etiquette. The idea of still being a man in the public and not projecting your personal preferences is a very real behavior, where as in America it would be acceptable to be â€Å"Out of the closet†. In Europe men’s sexual preference is not something of polite conversation and is not labeled as it is in America because in England the perception of â€Å"man† doesn’t lose their manly hood by having male relations. So this being a British Television production the director would have never broached the subject of homosexuality. In America we have grown accustomed to labeling relationships and categorizing everything where in Europe they have grown beyond that and do not need to push labels I believe this was touched on in Manliness Before Individualism: Masculinity, Effeminacy, and Homoerotic in Shakespeare’s History Plays Rebecca Ann Bach points out that â€Å"†¦all of which depict England in disorder, are profoundly interested in how manliness is constructed and maintained. Because gender roles and the social order were deeply intertwined in Renaissance England, masculinity surfaces constantly as a point of tension†¦. (Bach) and she goes on to discuss â€Å"†¦Today we live in a world in which men and women are, by definition, separate kinds of people; our culture expends enormous energy from the birth of a child creating and maintaining the distinctions between men and women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  showing the separation of the perception of the rolls of men and women in the very different e ras. This seems to be what draws so many to Shakespeare is that he interweaves this idea of separation into a comical theme and makes light of this need to separate and label. This may be why today in England the separation seems to be less than in America. From the evidence I have discovered I surmise that in the time of Shakespeare, the rolls of men and woman were quite different, and to have a young man play the role of a woman was common place due to no female actors, as they do today. To reverse the reversal is somewhat funny for the time, it can also be ironic, or homoerotic. The debate will continue through my time and for eons as to what was really intended by the words of Shakespeare. I do believe though that is the directors who project modern ideologies into the plays, not the writer. I believe it is the director’s drive to personalize and to modernize the work and bring it up to date. The desire to connect the past on a deeper intimate level that makes this director inject such modern ideas into these classics. Humans have a deep seated need to connect with the past and to interpret the past on a personal level and to be able to see ourselves in the past. I believe that the modernization of Plays actually pull us farther away from the past. So even though I may have thought that the staging of Antonio and Sebastian were homosexual and I thought it took away from the whole of the play. The director injected his views of this performance of Twelfth Night to reflect on today’s society and to touch the audience of today, not of yesterday. Directors have always brought the past to life and this is another example of the modern interpretation of Shakespeare. I have to wonder though, what would William think about this production? Work Cited Page: 1. Bach, Rebecca Ann. Manliness Before Individualism: Masculinity, Effeminacy, and Homoerotic in Shakespeare’s History Plays. Online October 14, 2010. http://www. blackwellreference. com/public/tocnode? id=g9781405136068_chunk_g978 How to cite Twelfth Night: Interpretations Through the Directors Staging, Papers

Freedom Fighters Essay Example For Students

Freedom Fighters Essay Rani Lakshmi Bai †¢ Rani Lakshmi Bai was the queen of the princely state of Jhansi. †¢ She was one of the most leading personalities of the first war of Indias independence that started in 1857. †¢ She was born to a Maharashtrian family at Kashi in the year 1828. †¢ During her childhood, she was called by the name Manikarnika. †¢ In the year 1842, she got married to the Maharaja of Jhansi, Raja Gangadhar Rao Niwalkar. Subhash Chandra Bose †¢ Subhash Chandra Bose, affectionately called as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. †¢ Subhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. Subhash Chandra Bose was the ninth child among fourteen siblings. †¢ Subhash Chandra Bose was a brilliant student right from the childhood. †¢ He founded Indian National Congress. Bal Gangadhar Tilak †¢ Bal Gangadhar Tilak is considered as Father of Indian National Movement. †¢ Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on July 23, 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. †¢ He was a Chitpavan Brahmin by caste. †¢ He was a social reformer, freedom fighter, national leader, and a scholar of Indian history, Sanskrit, Hinduism, mathematics and astronomy. †¢ He was among Indias first generation of youth to receive a modern, college education. Bhagat Singh †¢ Bhagat Singh was one of the most prominent faces of Indian freedom struggle. †¢ Bhagat Singh studied the European revolutionary movement and was greatly attracted towards socialism. †¢ Bhagat Singh gave a new direction to the revolutionary movement in India. †¢ Their immediate goal was destruction of the British Empire and they had no inclination to work out a political alternative. †¢ Bhagat Singh, because of his interest in studying and his keen sense of history gave revolutionary movement a goal beyond the elimination of the British. Lala Lajpat Rai Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the foremost leaders who fought against British rule in India. †¢ He was popularly known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of the Punjab). †¢ Lala Lajpat Rai was born on January 28, 1865 in village Dhudike, in Punjab. †¢ While in college he came in contact with patriots and future freedom fighters like Lala Hans Raj and Pandit Guru Dutt. The three became fast frien ds and joined the Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. †¢ He was elected to the Hisar municipality as a member and later as secretary. Gopal Krishna Gokhale †¢ He was political guru of Mahatma Gandhi. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of the pioneers of the Indian national movement. †¢ Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born on May 9, 1866 in Kothapur, Maharashtra. †¢ Gokhale received his early education at the Rajaram High School in Kothapur with the help of financial assistance from his elder brother. †¢ Later on he moved on to Bombay and graduated from Elphinstone College, Bombay in 1884 at the age of 18. Bipin Chandra Pal †¢ With the other two members from the Lal BAL Pal team, Bipin Chandra Pal doled out a number of extremist measures. †¢ He was born in the year 1858. Bipin Chandra Pal was a teacher, journalist, orator, writer and librarian. †¢ Bipin Chandra Pal recognized the positive outcome of the British kingdom. †¢ At the same tim e he upheld Indias federal idea. Dr. Rajendra Prasad †¢ Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of independent India. †¢ Dr. Rajendra Prasad was one of the foremost disciples of Gandhiji and he played a crucial role in Indian freedom struggle. †¢ Dr. Rajendra Prasad was born on December 3, 1884 in Ziradei village in Siwan district of Bihar. †¢ Rajendra Prasad was youngest among his siblings. †¢ Dr. .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .postImageUrl , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:hover , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:visited , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:active { border:0!important; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:active , .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009 .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f666c72183cda44b35b036b0d026009:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma EssayRajendra Prasad was greatly attached to his mother and elder brother Mahendra. Jawaharlal Nehru †¢ He became first Prime Minister of independent India; was one of the main architects of Non Aligned Movement. †¢ He was born on November 14, 1889. †¢ Jawaharlal Nehru, also known as Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, was one of the foremost leaders of Indian freedom struggle. †¢ He was very fond of children and children used to affectionately call him Chacha Nehru. †¢ He and her daughter send letters to each other in jail. The letters are in the form of a book â€Å"Pita Ke Patra Putri Ke Naam†.